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In early October 2023, a war broke out between Israel and Hamas, a militant Islamist organization that has controlled Gaza since. Hamas members fired rockets toward Israel, engulfing the southern Israeli towns and cities along Gaza.
The Gaza Strip will kill hundreds of civilians and soldiers and capture dozens of hostages. The assault was a complete surprise and took Israel off guard, even though the government quickly launched a deadly armed retaliation operation. A day following the attack on October 7, the Israeli cabinet declared war on Hamas, followed by an order by the defense minister IDF Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) to launch the “complete siege” of Gaza.
Background
The Israeli-Palestinian war dates back to the close of the 19th century. In 1947, The United Nations adopted Resolution 181, also called the Partition Plan, which sought to separate part of the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, it was the day that the State of Israel was created and sparked the start of the first Arab-Israeli War.
The war ended in 1949 with the victory of Israel, and 750,000 Palestinians were exiled. The territory was split into three parts three parts: it was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip. Gaza Strip.
In the years following, there was a rise in tensions within the region, especially in the region between Israel as well as Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. After the 1956 Suez Crisis and Israel’s invasion of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria concluded mutual defense pacts to prepare for a potential deployment of Israeli forces.
Then, in June 1967, due to an array of actions initiated by Egyptian President Abdel Gamal Nasser, Israel began to attack Egyptian and Syrian military forces. They triggered the Six-Day War.
In the aftermath of the war, Israel took over the territorial sovereignty of areas such as the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt and The West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan and Jordan and the Golan Heights in Syria. Six years later, in the famous Yom Kippur War or the October War, Egypt and Syria began a provocative two-front war against Israel to regain their territories.
The war was not a significant cause of improvement either for Egypt, Israel, or Syria; however, Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat declared that the war was a win for Egypt since it permitted Egypt and Syria to negotiate over the previously ceded territories. Then, in 1979, in the wake of peace talks and ceasefires 1979, officials from Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Accords, a peace agreement that ended a thirty-year war in the region between Egypt and Israel.
Although it was confirmed that the Camp David Accords improved relations between Israel and its neighbors, the issue of Palestinian independence and self-determination remains unanswered. In 1987, many Palestinians who resided within the West Bank and Gaza Strip revolted to protest the Israeli government during the first Intifada.
It was 1993 when the Oslo I Accords mediated the dispute, establishing an arrangement for Palestinians to manage themselves within Gaza and the West Bank and Gaza and allowing an agreement of mutual recognition between the recently created Palestinian Authority and Israel’s government. The 1995 Oslo II Accords expanded on the original agreement, including conditions that called for the complete removal of Israel from six cities and more than 450 towns in Gaza and the West Bank.
In 2000, the controversy was ignited partly by Palestinian protests against Israel’s authority on its territory of the West Bank, a stagnating peace process, and former Israeli Premier Ariel Sharon’s trip to the al-Aqsa mosque –the third holy spot in Islam. In October 2000, Palestinians began the second Intifada, which would continue until 2005.
It was decided that the Israeli government endorsed building a barrier around the West Bank in 2002, despite opposition from both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.
The rift between factions among Palestinians became a significant issue after Hamas was elected in the Palestinian Authority’s elections for parliamentary representation in 2006, removing the long-time major party Fatah.
It allowed Hamas, an armed and political militant organization that influenced the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood, control of the Gaza Strip. Gaza is a tiny portion of land in the Mediterranean Sea that borders Egypt towards the south. It is currently under the administration of the semi-autonomous Palestinian Authority since 1993.
It is worth noting that the United States and European Union, along with other nations, didn’t acknowledge Hamas’s victory at the polls since the organization was regarded as an organization that is considered a terrorist by Western governments since late in the 1990s. In the aftermath of Hamas’s repression, there was a violent conflict between Hamas and Fatah. Between the years 2006 between 2006 and 2011, a string of failed peace talks and fatal clashes culminated in an agreement to settle. Fatah formed a unitary government alongside Hamas in the year 2014.
In 2014, summer fighting within the Palestinian areas led to a violent clash between Israel’s military and Hamas. Israeli army and Hamas, during which Hamas shot more than three thousand rockets into Israel in response, and Israel responded with a massive attack in Gaza.
The war ended in late August 2014 following a ceasefire arrangement negotiated by Egypt and Egypt. However, it was after that 73 Israelis, as well as 2,251 Palestinians, died. Following a wave of violent clashes between Israelis and Palestinians in 2015, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas from Fatah stated that Palestinians would no longer be restricted by the divisions of territory that were created through Oslo. Oslo Accords.
In March and May 2018, Palestinians living in Gaza the Gaza Strip conducted weekly demonstrations on the border between the Gaza Strip and Israel. The most recent protest occurred on the seventh anniversary of Nakba, or the Palestinian exodus that came with Israel’s independence.
Although most demonstrators were peaceful, a few took to the border fence and threw rocks and other items. As per the United Nations, 183 demonstrators were killed, and over 6000 were injured by live ammunition.
A tense political environment led to a relapse into tensions between Fatah and Hamas and Mahmoud Abbas’ Fatah party controlling the Palestinian Authority from the West Bank and Hamas dominating the Gaza Strip. It was the case in the latter half of 2010 and into the early 2020s, despite Abbas’s efforts to unite the Palestinian citizens in a common cause as part of the umbrella of the Palestinian Authority.
In May 2018, the fighting resurfaced among Hamas and the IDF during the deadliest period of violence since the beginning of 2014. After a ceasefire with Hamas, the terrorist group in Gaza shot more than a hundred rockets toward Israel; Israel responded with strikes against more than fifty targets inside Gaza during a 24-hour raging.
The Donald J. Trump administration made a point of making an Israeli-Palestinian agreement its top foreign policy goal. In 2018, the Trump administration announced that it would not fund the UN Relief and Works Agency, which offers aid to Palestinian refugees. It also relocated the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, reversing the long-standing U.S. policy.
The decision to relocate from Tel Aviv to the Jerusalem U.S. embassy was met with applause by the Israeli government. However, it was denounced by the Palestinian leadership and other members of Europe. Middle East and Europe. Israel regards its “complete and united Jerusalem” as its capital city, while Palestinians insist on (PDF) East Jerusalem as the capital of a possible Palestinian state. In January 2020,
The Trump administration announced its long-awaited “Peace to Prosperity” plan, which Palestinians rejected because it supported an eventual Israeli colonization of West Bank settlements and control over the “undivided” Jerusalem.
In August and September 2020 in 2020, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as well as Bahrain were able to establish normal relations with Israel for the first time, becoming 4th and 3rd states in the region — following Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994 –to have done so.
The accords, dubbed”the Abraham Accords, came more than 18 months after the United States hosted Israel and several Arab states to hold ministerial meetings in Warsaw, Poland, about the prospects for peace within the Middle East. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas from Fatah has resisted the Accords like Hamas.
In October 2020, the Israeli court decided that several Palestinian families who resided in Sheikh Jarrah — a neighborhood located in East Jerusalem– would be exiled by May 2021, and their land was given in the form of Jewish families.
In February of 2021, a few Palestinian families in Sheikh Jarrah appealed against the court’s ruling, triggering protests against the appeals hearings and the continuing legal dispute over land ownership and forceful expulsion of Palestinians from their residences in Jerusalem.
At the end of April 2021, Palestinians started to demonstrate on the streets in Jerusalem in protest of the impending expulsions. Residents of Sheikh Jarrah – along with activists, began hosting evening sit-ins. The protests began in May.
After the court had ruled that the evictions were in good faith, the demonstrations grew and grew in size, with Israeli police taking action against protesters. On May 7, after days of protests every day as well as increasing tensions among protesters, Israeli community members, and police in the holy month of Ramadan, violent clashes broke out in the al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem, and Israeli police employing stun grenades, rubber bullets, as well as water cannons to fight against protesters, which left hundreds of Palestinians injured.
After the violence that erupted within Israel’s Old City, tensions increased all over East Jerusalem, compounded by the commemoration of Jerusalem Day.
On May 10, following numerous days of violence across Jerusalem as well as the use of deadly and nonlethal force by Israeli police officers, Hamas, the group of militants who runs Gaza as well as other Palestinian militant organizations, launched hundreds of rockets on Israeli territories.
Israel responded with artillery strikes and air strikes, a few of which claimed the lives of more than 20 Palestinians on targets in Gaza.
Israel expanded its aerial campaign and struck non-military infrastructure, including residential buildings, media centers, and refugee and healthcare facilities, while claiming to be targeting Hamas, other militants (such as those from the Palestinian Islamic Jihad), and their infrastructure, including tunnels and rocket launchers.
On May 21, 2021, Israel and Hamas agreed on a ceasefire, which Egypt and Egypt brokered, both sides declaring victory. More than 250 Palestinians were killed, and over two thousand were wounded. More than 13 Israelis died during 11 days of battle. Officials from Gaza believe that ten million dollars in damages were caused.
The United Nations estimates that more than 72,000 Palestinians were forced to relocate by the conflict.
Concerns
After the declaration of war with Israel and Hamas on October 7, 2023, President Joe Biden strongly affirmed his support of Israel.
On the same day, Israel declared war on Hamas as a terrorist organization in the United States, and it was announced that the United States announced that it would continue to send new shipments of arms as well as move its Mediterranean Sea warships closer to Israel. The UN Security Council called an emergency meeting to talk about the escalating violence, but participants failed to reach a consensus on a statement.
Due to the past violence when Israel and Palestinian militant groups fought over the years, international organizations quickly voiced concern about the security of civilians living in Israel and Palestinian territories and people being held hostage by extremists in Gaza. About 800 Israelis and 500 Palestinians were killed in the initial two days of battle. The increasing loss of lives is the primary issue in the ongoing conflict.
Even though it is true that the United States did not immediately verify reports that Iranian security and intelligence forces directly assisted Hamas in preparing its October 7 attacks, Iran has a well-established patronage arrangement with Hamas and other groups of extremists throughout the Middle East.
As well as concerns that these attacks are an indication from Iran that it’s ready to increase its nefarious influence over various Middle Eastern conflicts, experts have expressed concerns that a different extremist group that has Iranian funding, Hezbollah, will be involved in the conflict which could extend the war over Israeli as well as Palestinian boundaries.
On October 9, reports came out that the IDF fired at locations in Lebanon, the region which is where Hezbollah is located. An Israeli declaration on the subject was unclear on the reason for the crossing-border operation.
An effort in 2023 by the United States to help broker an agreement for normalization that would allow for a normalization agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia was thrown into chaos after the war in October. Saudi Arabia has long advocated for the protection and rights of Palestinian Arab populations in Israel and Gaza, the West Bank, and Gaza.
Particularly in Gaza, these populations are targeted by IDF actions, which could undermine the gains that Israelis and Saudis achieved toward agreement.
Recent Developments
The most extreme and extremist religious Israeli government began its work in late December 2022. This coalition is ruled by Benjamin ‘Bibi’ Netanyahu and his Likud party, which is comprised of two ultra-Orthodox groups as well as three extreme right-wing parties, including
The Religious Zionism party, an ultranationalist group that is part of the West Bank settler movement. Netanyahu made various concessions to his ultra-right-wing allies to achieve a majority government. The opposition has criticized Netanyahu’s declaration of prioritizing expanding and developing Israeli settlements inside the occupation-controlled West Bank.
The coalition that governs has supported the discrimination of LGBTQ+ people on religious motives and approved a plan to restrict the judicial oversight of the administration in May 2023 following an extended delay due to the massive demonstrations
That took place in March.2022 saw a resurgence of violence between Israelis and Palestinians—the initial nine months of 2023 witnessed increasing violent clashes within Israel’s West Bank, including nearly everyday Israeli incursions. Israel has approved the construction of five thousand settlement homes in June 2023. Under international legal standards, intergovernmental and expert organizations deem the settlements and others in Palestinian territories unlawful. It also increased the number of settlements.
The Israeli military has also intensified the scope of its operation, including a raid on the al-Aqsa mosque twice during the same day, injuring 35 during a Ramallah operation, and shooting missiles from a helicopter in Jenin. Jenin Refugee Camp.
May saw Israel engage Gazan militants for five days using nearly 2,000 missiles fired by Hamas and Israeli forces. In July, Israel put up nearly 2 thousand troops. It conducted drone strikes during a major attack in the Jenin refugee camp in Israel’s West Bank, killing twelve Palestinians and injuring fifty. Israel was the only one to lose a soldier and claimed that all the dead were militants.
When it was time to withdraw, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that the incident occurred “not a one-off” incident; Israel intends to prevent the camp from being an area of refuge for Jenin Brigades and other militant organizations in the future. Hamas responded to the attack by launching an attack on Tel Aviv and launching missiles towards Israel.
The conflict that broke out in October 2023 that erupted between Israel and Hamas is the most immense tension in the ongoing Israel-Palestinian war in several decades..(Trend Variant)
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